Umhleli weendaba zocingo kunye nentambo

1, ilizwe lethu ukuphuhlisa imboni yentambo yegridi ehlakaniphile engenisa ukukhula okuqhumayo

Kutshanje, ikhomishini yophuhliso lwesizwe kunye nohlengahlengiso, i-bureau yamandla karhulumente ekhutshelwe ingqondo ikhuthaza igridi ehlakaniphile, ibeka phambili ekuqaleni kuka-2020 ukwakha ukhuseleko, oluvulekileyo, oluhambelanayo, unxibelelwano oluphindwe kabini, olusebenzayo, lwezoqoqosho, olucocekileyo lwenkqubo yokusingqongileyo yegridi ehlakaniphile. .Landela uphuhliso lolwakhiwo lwegridi elumkileyo eTshayina, imveliso yamandla ombane iya kuzisa ubukrelekrele, intwasahlobo yoshishino lwentambo yegridi iyeza!

Intambo yombane yobuchwephesha bentambo yombane eTshayina kwangethuba ngo-2011 ucwangciso lwemveliso yonyaka ineetriliyoni eziphezulu, yafikelela kwi-yuan eyi-1.1 yetriliyoni, ibe ngumsebenzi wobunjineli bombane kwishishini lesibini kwishishini lokuvelisa iimoto, iimveliso ziyahlangabezana nomgangatho kunye nesabelo semarike yasekhaya singaphaya kwama-90. %.Yima kumphakamo wembono yehlabathi, imveliso yocingo kunye nentambo yaseTshayina yodlula i-United States, ikwayeyokuqala ngocingo olukhulu kunye nomvelisi wentambo emhlabeni.Kucwangciso kunye nomthamo mkhulu kangaka womsebenzi ngentambo yombane ngentambo yombane, ngubani onokukhokela?Ngubani onokuba phezulu?Oku kuya kuba professional ngaphakathi nangaphandle zincanyathiselwe ukubaluleka kakhulu isihloko.

"Ukhetho oluninzi olunzima-kunye neziphumo ezibi-kwixesha", ilizwe lethu liya kuba likhulu kwaye liphucule igridi ehlakaniphile kwaye iprojekthi entsha edibeneyo yegridi iya kwakhiwa kunye nefujian neTaiwan.Landela ukusetyenziswa kwentambo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, kudityaniswa negridi ehlakaniphile ukubonelela ngenkqubela phambili yesicelo esithembekileyo, ingxaki yekhebula ngamanye amaxesha, imfuno engxamisekileyo yengxoxo yezakhono ezintsha zokujonga intambo ekrelekrele.Ukuxilongwa kwemeko kunye novavanyo, intambo ilungelelaniso olufanelekileyo lokutshintshwa kwentambo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lonikezelo lwamandla kwifemu yindlela ebalulekileyo yezakhono, ikwaluncedo kulawulo lwentambo kwigridi ehlakaniphileyo ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwegridi ehlakaniphile, iya kuqhubeka nokwandisa udidi lwayo lokusetyenziswa.Inkqubo yamandla ahlakaniphileyo ikhonkco ngalinye liya kugqitywa ngokusisiseko, izakhono kunye nezalathisi zezoqoqosho kwaye zixhotyiswe ngawo wonke umgangatho ukufikelela kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe.
Kunokuthiwa ukwakhiwa kwegridi ehlakaniphile kuya kubangela ukuba yonke into entsha yezixhobo zamandla: i-transformer ibe nengqondo ngakumbi, i-switchgear kwiimeko zokusabela nangaliphi na ixesha, izixhobo zokukhusela i-relay ukuba zibe kunye nokudibanisa, intambo iya kuba nengqondo.Igridi ye-Smart kwizicelo zomzila sele iqinisekisiwe, ukususela ekubuyiselweni komsebenzi, inkampani ye-cable cable ifuna rhoqo, ivelise "intambo ehlakaniphile".Kwimfuno yempahla yentambo ngokubanzi nge-drive eyahlukileyo, phuhlisa ezinye iimveliso zentambo ukusukela ekuxilongeni.

Injongo yokwakhiwa kwegridi enamandla e-smart e-China, kukuqinisekisa inethiwekhi ekhuselekileyo, makube lula ukuyisebenzisa kunye nokugxila ngakumbi.Yisicelo igridi yamandla kwizixhobo ziya zisiba namandla.Sika indlela yokuhlaselwa kwesiphambeko sekhebula, kukusebenzisa intambo yokubeka intambo ngokwendlela yokuseta amajelo okhuseleko kunye neenkqubo, jonga rhoqo, ukuvavanywa kwemeko.Ngoku kwintambo yombane ephezulu kakhulu ebeka intambo yefiber optic, emva kokukhutshwa, intambo yefiber optic inokuyijonga ukuze ibone ubushushu bayo, ngokuqinisekileyo oku kufana nombono wendima, intambo bubulumko.Izixeko ezikhulu i-double loop network power supply, indawo iya isanda ngepaseji emxinwa, isantya sentambo esezantsi kwedolophu yenkqubela phambili, imfuno enkulu yentambo.Kwaye isicelo sokukhusela intambo kunye nobomi benkonzo yexabiso eliphezulu lombane, kunye nokusasazwa kokufakelwa kwentambo, isalathisi sokusebenza kunye nesithembiso sophawu kubeka phambili isicelo esiphezulu.

Okwangoku, iinkampani zasekhaya ezinye zeenkampani ezinkulu zocingo kunye neentambo ngoku ziqala udidi lweentambo ezikrelekrele zeDenver nuggets.Ngoku, igridi, unikezelo lwamandla womnatha, icala lomsebenzisi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla asasazwayo, amandla elanga, intambo yamandla omoya esasazwayo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo ngalinye kwezi ndidi, ngaxeshanye, kwindawo yegridi ehlakaniphile, kwishishini lesithathu. revolution, ulwazi lwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nezakhono isicelo ezisasaziweyo udibanisa indibaniselwano epheleleyo, njengoko imfuno intambo ikhonkco malunga ezikrelekrele, intambo ezikrelekrele kuvela ngexesha lembali.Ngaphantsi kwesitokhwe sokwakha igridi ehlakaniphileyo, tshintsha imbonakalo yeshishini lentambo kuhlaselo.Umzi-mveliso wentambo "oguquliweyo", unyanzelekile ukuba ubuliswe ngokuzola ngakumbi kwimo yokuma amandla era obukrelekrele.Ngokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwezakhono kunye nophuculo oluqhubekayo, inkqubo yenkunzi nayo iya kuwa kabukhali, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe yinkulungwane yama-21 kwihlabathi jikelele lishishini elibalulekileyo.

2, umsi ophantsi woxinzelelo oluphezulu zero halogen intambo yokubuyiswa komlilo iveliswe ngempumelelo

Kutshanje, iinkampani zentambo zasekhaya ezingama-220 kv ezine-voltage ephezulu yecandelo 2500 ziye zavavanywa ngempumelelo umsi ophantsi we-zero halogen intambo yokubuyiswa komlilo, kunye neziko lesizwe lokuhlola umgangatho wemathiriyeli yolwakhiwo lomgangatho wehalogen engenawo, umsi ophantsi, Uhlobo lwedangatye elibuyiswayo. uvavanyo lokusebenza, njl.

Umsi ophantsi we-zero halogen cable ngoyena ummeli oqhelekileyo wentambo "ecocekileyo".Umsi ophantsi wezinto zero halogen ZISEBENZISA iiretardants ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ze-halogen-free flame retardants, ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo ezingcono, kodwa ngenxa ye-flame retardants ubukhulu becala zizinto ezingaphiliyo, kodwa kufuneka ukongeza inani likhulu, impembelelo enkulu kwiplastiki yezinto. kunye nokusebenza okukhuphayo, okukhokelela kumgangatho ombi wexabiso elincinci lokuncamathelisa, umphezulu, ubukhulu obungalinganiyo, obuthambekele ekuqhekekeni kunye nezinye iziphene, ubukhulu becala busetyenziselwa umbane ophantsi, icandelo elincinci lomnqamlezo wokuveliswa kobubanzi obuncinci bentambo.Kwintambo yamandla ombane aphezulu, ngenxa yobunzima bobunzima besheath, icandelo lomnqamlezo likhulu, idayamitha enkulu, kunye nobubanzi obukhulu bomatshini okhuphayo, uxinzelelo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa i-extrusion inkulu kakhulu, inzima, kwaye kulula ukuyitshisa ngenxa yokukhutshelwa ukukhuhlana kunye nokucheba kubangele ukubola kwangoko kwedangatye elibuyiswayo, kubangele ukusilela kwemathiriyeli.Ke umsi ophantsi we-zero halogen ekusetyenzisweni kwentambo yombane ophezulu kunzima ukufezekisa.

Iinkampani zentambo ngophando lwexesha elide kunye novavanyo, kumsi ophantsi we-zero halogen kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa intambo yombane ephezulu ukuphucula, ukusombulula intambo ngaphandle kobunzima, umgangatho ombi womphezulu, ubukhulu obungalinganiyo, ukuqhekeka kunye nezinye iziphene zihlala zisenzeka, ngaloo ndlela ngempumelelo. icandelo le-2500 le-220 kv eline-voltage ephezulu lalinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo umsi ophantsi onguziro we-halogen flame retardant cable.

Ezintathu, ezintathu iingxaki zemali zibambe uphuhliso lweshishini lentambo

Njengokukhanya okunzima, ishishini leemfuno eziphezulu zenkunzi, uphuhliso lweshishini lentambo lubekwe ziingxaki zemali ixesha elide.Emva kokuba i-capital chain, iinkampani zekhebula ziza kugqitywa ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yokuba zazingenayo imali yokuthenga izinto eziluhlaza, zinokuthi zingabikho kwi-stock, kwaye ngaphantsi komyalelo weshishini lombane awukwazi ukuhambisa, uya kujongana nemiphumo emibi.Umntu ongaphakathi kwikhosi yokufunda ucinga ukuba, ishishini lentambo eliphambili langoku lijongene nomjelo wenkxaso-mali omxinwa kakhulu kwaye ayanelanga, uluvo alupheli ezi ngxaki zintathu zenkxaso-mali.

Yimigudu emxinwa kakhulu yenkxaso-mali.Okwangoku, iinkampani zekhebula zijongene nokunyuka kwamandla, ukunyuka kwezinto, ukunyuka kwemivuzo, izinto eziphathekayo, inzuzo ephantsi, ingxaki efunyenweyo njengokunyuka okucothayo, umzimba ukwishishini elikhulu, iinkampani zekhebula kukho imfuno enkulu yemali.Kodwa kwilizwe lethu uninzi lweentambo ezisisiseko zenkxaso mali zixhomekeke kuphela kwinkxaso karhulumente kunye nenkxaso-mali yebhanki, imali ayinakonelisa uphuhliso lweshishini loshishino.Kwaye ngaphezu kwe-97% yoshishino lweentambo kwilizwe lethu kumashishini amancinci naphakathi, la mashishini ukuze afumane inkxaso yemali karhulumente okanye iimali-mboleko zebhanki zinobunzima obukhulu.

Okwesibini, inkxaso-mali ayomelelanga ngokwaneleyo.Iinkampani ezininzi zeentambo zixhomekeke kakhulu kwinkxaso-mali yangaphandle, zisilele ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo isakhono sazo sokuxhasa ngemali.Iinkampani ezininzi azisetyenziselwa ukwenza inkuthazo yotyalo-mali kunye nokwazisa ngenkunzi, azikho kakuhle ekusebenziseni ngokupheleleyo ubuchwepheshe bayo obuphambili, iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ulawulo olubalaseleyo, kunye nezinye izinto eziluncedo.Iinzuzo ezingundoqo azinakubonakaliswa ebhankini ngenxa yophuhliso lwamandla ayo kukunqongophala kokuzithemba, ukongeza, umyinge wenkxaso-mali yebhanki uphezulu, ngoko ke inkxaso-mali isiphumo esibi sendalo.

Eyesithathu yingcamango endala yezemali.Okwangoku, uninzi lweenkampani ezisebenza ngentambo zisasebenzisa ifom enje ngokubolekwa kwemali eyinkunzi, amatyala, lo ngumbono wakudala wokuba, phantsi kwesikhokelo sofezekiso lolawulo olungundoqo lwamashishini, umbono ulinganiselwe, ukuqondwa kwengcamango yenkxaso-mali kubalulekile ukuhlala. mandulo.

Ubuso beshishini leentambo eziqhubela phambili uphuhliso lwezi ngxaki zintathu zenkxaso-mali, umntu ongaphakathi kwikhosi yokufunda uthi, amashishini ekhebula kufuneka akhe amajelo okuxhasa ngemali ngakumbi, ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwezibonelelo zabo ukomeleza iinzame zenkxaso-mali, kunye nokugcina ingqikelelo yenkxaso-mali yokuqhubela phambili Amaxesha, ukwenza ingxaki yezemali isonjululwe okanye ibe lula.

Isine, impembelelo yentambo yobhedu kokusingqongileyo ingaphantsi kakhulu kunentambo yealluminiyam

Kutshanje, iziko lophando lomgangatho waseTshayina elibanjwe eBeijing umjikelo wonke wobomi bengxelo yovavanyo lwe-aluminium yobhedu ye-aluminiyam yokusingqongileyo iya kwabelwana, kwi-alloy ye-aluminium kunye nentambo yobhedu yokusingqongileyo kwinkqubo yobomi bonke bempembelelo enkulu yenze uvavanyo.Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeemveliso ezisebenzisa isigaba sesigaba iphezulu, 98%.Uphando lubonisa ukuba intambo yobhedu ekusetyenzisweni kwenqanaba lempembelelo yokusingqongileyo ingaphantsi kakhulu kunempembelelo yentambo ye-aluminiyam kokusingqongileyo.

Ikati, umlawuli weZiko laseTshayina lelebhu yokukhutshwa okusemgangathweni iyaziswa, uphando oluvela ekufumaneni izixhobo eziluhlaza, ukwenziwa kwemveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma kwizigaba ezihlanu njengeendidi ezimbini zomda wenkqubo yentambo, ivavanywe ialluminiyam kunye nobhedu. intambo yokufudumala kwehlabathi, i-asidi, amandla e-eutrophication, ityhefu yomntu, impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla.Ukusuka kumbono wophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ubhedu lunokuthi lusetyenziswe kwakhona nge-100%.Ke ngoko, impembelelo yentambo yobhedu kokusingqongileyo ingaphantsi kakhulu kunentambo yealluminiyam.Ngaphezu koko, xa kuthelekiswa nobhedu lwendalo, isihlobo sobhedu sesibini sinciphisa impembelelo kokusingqongileyo.